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Chinese Buddhism refers to the Buddhism religion that was introduced and developed in China. It has a history of over 2000 years. There was no conclusive result when it was brought into China, but people generally believe it was between the Western Han Dynasty (202 B.C. - 8 A.D.) and Eastern Han Dynasty (25 - 220 A.D.). The primary schools of Chinese Buddhism are Han Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism, and Southern Buddhism.
Taoism (Daoism) is a Chinese indigenous religion that was formed in the 2nd century. Based on the ancient Chinese worship of supernatural beings and the theories of Emperor Huangdi and Lao Zi, the Taoism doctrine covered the whole universe and inherited the teachings of the immortals and divination in the Spring and Autumn Period. Taoists take Laozi as the holy person and his book Tao Teh King as the main classic. Although there are other derivative doctrines, Dao is the most fundamental belief of Taoism, and it’s believed that Dao is the very beginning of everything. While the only thing that goes parallel with Dao is De (morality), which is the benefit, function, and presence of the Tao. Therefore, Taoists must cultivate their morality and virtue and pursue the unity of Dao and De.
Taiji, meaning Supreme Ultimate, is to clarify the process of the cosmos’ changing from infinite potential to the ultimate until everything grow. Taiji refers to the state before the big ban and the Yin and Yang being generated. In Taiji philosophy, every things and every phenomena in the vast universe have Yin or Yang in them, as well as outer and inner two aspects. Those Yin and Yang two elements within things are opposing each other, but also co-dependent. This is the general principle of material world and the origin of all things, which makes it the reason why things grow and die.
Confucius (Kong Zi, 551 BCE - 479 BCE), born in Zouyi (present Qufu) of Lu State in the Spring and Autumn Period, is one of the most influential philosophers, educators, and politicians in China. His clan name is "Kong," the given name is "Qiu," and his capping name is Zhongni. It's said that Confucius had authored or edited many Chinese texts of Six Classics (Poetry), but there is no record to confirm. Aphorisms concerning his teaching were all compiled in the Analects, which were edited by his disciples. Confucius made such a profound impact in both Chinese culture and the world that the UNESCO regarded him as the first of the "top ten cultural celebrities."
Confucianism Culture is a cultural school established by Confucius during the Spring and Autumn Period. With the core value of forgiveness, loyalty, filial piety, humility, courage, benevolence, righteousness, etiquette, wisdom, and faith, the Confucianism doctrine emphasizes blood relationships, ethics, self-fulfillment, self-cultivation, and moral rationality. It had dominated the Chinese feudal society for over 2000 years and still plays a critical role in current Chinese culture.
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