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Tang Dynasty(618-907AD) is considered as the Golden Age of Chinese history, it was the most prosperous and splendid period. Lasting from 618 to 907AD with 22 Tang Emperors, the Tang Empire became the most powerful and prosperous country around the world. Particularly, the economy, politics, culture and military strength reached an unparalleled advanced level in this glorious period.
In 207 B.C., the Qin Dynasty ended under the attack of Xiang Yu, Liu Bang, and other forces. After the four-year-long Chu-Han War, Liu Bang finally defeated Xiang Yu in 202 B.C. and set up the Han Dynasty in Chang'an (today's Xi'an). In Chinese history, Han consisted of two dynasties: the Western Han (206 BC - 24 A.D.) and the Eastern Han (25 - 220). During this period, there were 27 emperors on the throne. Many were excellent, contributing to the country's prosperity like Emperors Gaozu, Wen, Jing, and Wu. Therefore, the Han Dynasty was a world power at that time. The literature, arts, culture, and technology in the era achieved unparalleled successes. With the increase of power, the Central Plains people began to call themselves proudly as "Han people" instead of "Qin people." Some of the achievements at that time still have an impact on Chinese people today.
Yuan Dynasty (1271 - 1368), for the first time in Chinese history, is a unified dynasty established by a minority group - the Mongolian Borjigin clan. It lasted 98 years since Kublai set the state name, Yuan, while the consolidated Mongolian regime had existed for 162 years since Genghis Khan unified the Mongolian tribes. In 1206, Genghis Khan from the Borjigin clan conquered all Mongolian tribes and established the Mongolian Empire. In the following 30 years, he led the Mongolian army and defeated the Jin and Western Xia Kingdoms. In 1264, Kublai ascended the throne of Great Khan and changed the state name into Yuan in 1271, and settled the capital in Dadu (current Beijing) the next year. In 1279, the Yuan army wiped out the Southern Song fugitives and achieved China's final unification. During the middle Yuan Dynasty, there are multiple times of expeditions made to Japan, Burma, Vietnam, Java, and other places, and all ended up failures. Besides, the corrupt politics, contradictions among classes and ethnics, and the constant coups deteriorated the Yuan Dynasty. In 1368, Han people led by Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty and seized Dadu, forcing the Yuan court to retreat north of Gobi and linger out as Northern Yuan Dynasty.
Song Dynasty (960 - 1279) is an imperial dynasty succeeded the Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms and preceded the Yuan Dynasty. It is divided into Northern Song and Southern Song two phases, totaling 18 emperors and 319 years.
Timeline of Chinese Dynasties: Xia, Shang, Western Zhou, Eastern Zhou, Qin, Western Han, Eastern Han, Three Kingdoms Period, Western Jin, Eastern Jin, Five Minority Groups and Sixteen Kingdoms, Southern Dynasty, Northern Dynasty, Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Northern Song, Southern Song, Liao, Xixia, Jin, Yuan, Ming, and Qing.
China is a country with about 5000 years of history. The early Chinese dynasties traceable are the Xia, Shang, and Zhou Dynasties . As Emperor Yan and Emperor Huang from the prehistoric period are widely considered the humanistic ancestor of the Chinese nation, Chinese history is often counted. About 2070 B.C, the earliest state Xia appeared, following which were the Shang and the Zhou Dynasties. These three dynasties were slavery societies. In the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, with the development of production, social reform, and diversification of ideology, the slavery society ended.
Qing Dynasty (1636 - 1912), the last feudal dynasty in Chinese history, has 12 emperors, and the imperial name is Aisin Gioro. The regime existed for 296 years, counting from the establishment of “Latter Jin” by Nurhachi, 276 years counting from the establishment of the Qing Dynasty by Hong Taiji, and 268 years counting from the date when the Manchu army past the Shanhai Pass and rooted in Beijing.
In the late Yuan Dynasty, Han Chinese was unbearably oppressed by the overtaxation and ethnic discrimination imposed by Mongolian rulers. Uprisings broke out everywhere. In 1351, a massive flood of the Yellow River broke and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to repair the dikes, which ignited greater resentment and anger amongpeasants. In May, a group named Red Turbans led by Han Shantong and Liu Futong launched a uprising. In the next year, Guo Zixing echoed the revolt and recruitedmore people helping to take over Haozhou (current Fengyang, Anhui province).
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